DR Congo, M23 armed group sign ceasefire deal

Doha Unites M23 and the Democratic Republic of Congo in a Permanent Ceasefire

Background: A Long‑Standing Conflict

The eastern province of the DRC, rich in minerals, has been devastated by fighting for more than thirty years. In January and February, the M23 militia launched a rapid offensive that resulted in the capture of the provincial capitals Goma and Bukavu. The conflict has claimed thousands of lives and displaced hundreds of thousands.

Key Features of the Doha Agreement

• Permanent Ceasefire: Both sides pledged to maintain an unbroken halt to hostilities.
• Refraining from Hate Propaganda: The document requires parties to abandon any rhetoric that could incite violence.
• No Forced Seizure of New Positions: Forces are prohibited from taking control of new territories by force.
• Roadmap for State Authority: A step‑by‑step plan to restore DRC government control over the eastern region.
• Direct Negotiations: Commitment to initiate talks aimed at a comprehensive peace agreement.

Connection to the Washington Peace Deal

Earlier this year, the Congolese and Rwandan governments signed a separate agreement in Washington. The Doha declaration aligns with that accord, even as M23 insisted on a distinct ceasefire after the Washington talks left certain issues unresolved. Both sides said the new accord mirrors Washington’s goals of stability in the Great Lakes region.

Statements from Officials

• Congolese envoy Sumbu Sita Mambu and M23 secretary Benjamin Mbonimpa shook hands at the ceremony, signaling a break in hostilities.
• Congolese spokesman Patrick Muyaya highlighted “red lines” such as the mandatory withdrawal of M23 from occupied areas and the re‑deployment of DRC institutions, including the armed forces.
• The African Union declared the deal a “significant development,” marking a milestone toward lasting peace.
• US President Donald Trump had previously praised the Washington agreement as “a new chapter of hope and opportunity.”

Implementation Timeline

• Completion of Terms: All provisions must be executed by July 29.
• Negotiations: Initiate talks toward a comprehensive agreement on August 8.
• Presidents Paul Kagame and Felix Tshisekedi are scheduled to meet to solidify the Washington accord, whose conditions remain unimplemented.

Economic Considerations and Mineral Access

Questions linger over side deals concerning the DRC’s mineral wealth. Tshisekedi mentioned discussions with US envoy Massad Boulos about accessing these resources. Boulos emphasized that restoring government control over eastern territory is a crucial clause.

Historical Context and International Opinion

Previous ceasefire agreements in eastern DRC have collapsed. While Rwanda denies providing military aid to M23, UN experts argue that the Rwandan army played a critical role in the militia’s February offensive.

Current Situation on the Ground

Since early February, fighting has largely stabilized, yet sporadic clashes continue between M23 and pro‑government militias.